Skip to Main Content

Special Collections & Archives: Early Photographic Formats and Processes

This guide has been adapted with permission for UTRGV SCA from OSU's "Early Photographic Formats and Processes in the Special Collections and Archives Research Center," by Rachel Lilley.

Historical Context

Panoramas

Panoramic images date to shortly after the invention of photography itself, and tend to use the processes in vogue at the time; early panoramas, for example, were made by placing two or more daguerreotype plates side-by-side.

By the late nineteenth century, cameras specifically designed to produce panoramas were being manufactured for the amateur photographer. The first mass-produced American panoramic camera, the Al-Vista, was introduced in 1898; a year later, Eastman Kodak introduced the #4 Kodak Panoram panoramic camera. Most mass market panoramic cameras worked on the "swing-lens principle" - the lens of the camera rotated to capture the image, while the film remained stationary. Mass-produced panoramic cameras made relatively small panoramas (twelve inches long or less), used roll film, and did not require a tripod. A later model, the Cirkut camera - first manufactured by Rochester Panoramic Camera Company, and later purchased and manufactured by Eastman Kodak - was patented in 1904 and first sold in 1905. The Cirkut was known as a "full rotation" panoramic camera because both the camera and the film rotated on a special tripod to create panoramas; it used large format film, and was capable of producing a 360-degree photograph measuring up to 20 feet long.

Image: Panoramic photograph of a large group of people posing in front of the Sharyland train station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad; the train station later burned down. John Shary is labeled (third from the right). Also shows a dog with 10 legs - a product of the panoramic photo processing. Text at the bottom of the image says, "Excursion Party of the John H. Shary Land Co., Feb. 10, 1920." A label on the back of the photo says "Sharyland Mo Pac RR Station (later burned)".

Collections

Digital Resources